Search

Healthy Forests Provide Clean and Abundant Water

We are an online community created around a smart and easy to access information hub which is focused on providing proven global and local insights about sustainability

14 Jun, 2024

This post was originally published on Healthy Forest

Active forest management plays a crucial role in protecting clean water supplies, particularly in regions vulnerable to wildfires and water scarcity, such as Arizona and California. For decades, passive management across the west has contributed to unnaturally thick forests that increase severe wildfire risks and impact water availability.

Wildfire Risks in Overgrown Forests
In thick forests, wildfires tend to burn hotter and more destructively, consuming everything in their path and leaving the soil exposed and vulnerable to erosion. Without vegetation to hold the soil together, rainfall can wash ash and debris into rivers and reservoirs, compromising water quality and reducing storage capacity. Additionally, the infrastructure downstream, such as dams and water treatment plants, can suffer significant damage from the influx of debris.

Water Usage by Forests
Overgrown forests not only pose a fire hazard but also consume vast amounts of water. Trees and undergrowth take up water from the ground, reducing the amount available for aquifers and downstream flows. By contrast, research suggests thinning the forest can significantly reduce this water uptake.

Innovative Use of LiDAR Technology
A partnership between the Salt River Project (SRP) and Arizona State University (ASU) employed LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology to gather detailed data on forest density and water usage. LiDAR sensors, mounted on planes and helicopters, provide high-resolution scans of forest areas, allowing researchers to accurately count trees and estimate their water consumption. This precise data enables the development of effective forest management strategies tailored to maximize water conservation.

Pilot Project in Kaibab National Forest
A pilot project in the Kaibab National Forest exemplifies the potential benefits of forest thinning. By thinning approximately 3,400 acres, researchers estimated an increase of about 230 acre-feet, or nearly 75 million gallons, of water in the first year alone. Considering that one acre-foot can supply water for three Arizona families for a year, this increase represents a significant contribution to the region’s water supply.

Long-Term Benefits of Forest Thinning
Thinning forests to a more natural state, with fewer but larger trees, can lead to numerous long-term benefits. Reduced tree density allows more water to remain in the ground or flow into tributaries, recharging springs and rivers. It also decreases fire danger, promoting healthier, more resilient forests. This balance between tree growth and water availability can create a more sustainable ecosystem.

Water Savings for California
The implications of forest thinning extend beyond Arizona. A 2011 study by experts from UC Merced, UC Berkeley, and the Environmental Defense Fund suggests significant water conservation potential in California. The study found that reducing forest cover by 40% could increase total runoff by 9%, potentially adding 2.2 million acre-feet of water to California’s supply annually. This highlights the broader applicability of forest thinning as a water management strategy.

Active forest management, through practices like forest thinning, offers substantial benefits for water conservation and wildfire risk reduction. Innovations in data collection and analysis, such as the use of LiDAR technology, enable more precise and effective management strategies. As demonstrated by the SRP and ASU’s efforts, thinning overgrown forests can enhance water availability, protect infrastructure, and promote healthier ecosystems. By adopting similar practices, other regions can also reap the benefits of improved forest and water management.

Pass over the stars to rate this post. Your opinion is always welcome.
[Total: 0 Average: 0]

Source: Healthy Forest

You may also like…

Energy Efficiency as an Imperative Climate Strategy

Energy Efficiency as an Imperative Climate Strategy

With mandatory climate statement disclosure rolling out in Australia, businesses need to start reporting on their emissions and sustainability plans for the future. As companies begin assessing the relevant risks and opportunities related to various climate scenarios, energy efficiency presents itself as an immediate climate-strategy with long-term benefits.

Commencing 1 January 2025, businesses that meet two of the three conditions — more than 500 employees, gross assets above $1 billion or $500 million or more in consolidated gross revenue — are required to lodge a climate statement, which discloses their climate-related plans, financial risks and obligations. As part of the gradual roll-out, by 1 July 2027, businesses that meet two of these conditions — more than 100 employees, gross assets above $25 million or exceeding $50 million in consolidated gross revenue — will also be required to report.

This climate statement will need to include the company’s sustainability governance, climate risks and opportunities, including those physical and transition related. They will also need to disclose their Scope 1 and 2 emissions, strategy to decarbonise, and conduct scenario analysis on the short, medium and long term impacts on the business. By the second year of reporting, businesses will also be expected to report on Scope 3 emissions.

Scenario analysis will be based on various assumptions of the state of the climate, one of which includes a possible future where global temperature has increased 2.5°C or more. They will be required to share their climate strategy and steps they are taking long-term in preparation for this scenario.

Common themes within climate strategies will include switching to renewable energy sources, electrifying fleet vehicles, purchasing carbon credits, and carbon capture and storage. Many of these methods look at reducing emissions through the energy source, or targeting the carbon aspect directly; however, climate strategies can also include reducing the amount of energy used. By investing in more energy efficient equipment, sites can maintain production whilst using less energy and producing less emissions.

When increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption first, businesses will see short-term impacts; however, in the long term, they are also improving their foundation for an energy transition. Assuming no other changes, higher energy efficiency can lead to decreased energy demand, allowing for reduced system requirements when specifying and planning for self-generation or energy costs.

To understand what opportunities are available for upgrading to more energy efficient equipment, businesses can start with an energy audit to understand how energy is being consumed across site. Energy audits, like the ABB Energy Appraisal, can provide a roadmap for where and how equipment can be upgraded for the best energy saving potential. An energy audit identifies areas that can be immediately improved with existing equipment on the market, so there is no need to wait for the commercialization or development of more sustainable technology. Going beyond just changing all lights to LEDs, efficiency recommendations may include areas where variable speed drives can be added to control motor speed or upgrading from an IE3 motor to an IE5 ultra-premium efficiency or IE6 hyper-premium efficiency motor to reduce energy losses by 40% or more. This area can often be overlooked on sites as the Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) in Australia for motors is just IE2.

Mostly used in pumps, compressors, conveyors and fans, motors may seem like a minor part of a site; however, with 45% of the world’s electricity converted into motion by industrial electric motors, there are many opportunities for energy savings. In fact, a recent survey commissioned by ABB IEC Low voltage motors, showed that 92% of surveyed businesses in Australia recognize the important role of electric motors in achieving sustainability targets. In this same survey, participants ranked a reduction in operating cost as a more important driver for investing in energy efficiency than lowering their organization’s emissions. This is because upgrading to newer, more efficient equipment provides benefits beyond just emission reduction. For example, ABB’s Synchronous Reluctance (SynRM) Motors, available in IE5 ultra-premium efficiency or IE6 hyper-premium efficiency, use no rare earth metals or magnets. Running quieter and with bearing temperatures reduced by up to 15°C and winding temperatures by up to 30°, SynRM motors have longer maintenance periods, superior reliability, and contribute to a better operational environment.

Looking ahead, upgrading to an IE5 SynRM motor also provides more visibility into Scope 3 emissions, as SynRM motors meet ABB’s circularity criteria and transparency on environmental impact is provided through Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs).

By requiring companies to disclose their climate information, these new legal requirements are opening the door and facilitating more internal discussions on environmental impact and emission reduction. Whilst mandatory climate reporting is only required of large business entities this year, the progressive roll-out and Scope 3 emission reporting requirements mean that businesses of all sizes in Australia will be impacted by these new requirements. As businesses become more conscious of how sustainability should be integrated into their operations and finances, there is no better time to start investing in energy efficient solutions.

For more information, click here.

Image credit: iStock.com/denizunlusu

0 Comments

Submit a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Add your own review

Rating

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.