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Glyphosate Exposure Linked to Long-Term Brain Inflammation

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06 Dec, 2024

This post was originally published on Eco Watch

A new study led by Arizona State University has revealed an association between exposure of glyphosate, one of the most commonly used herbicides in the world, and long-term impacts on brain health in mice.

The study tested the impacts that two different doses of glyphosate exposure had on mice, with a high dose (500 mg per kg) and a lower dose (50 mg per kg), which was similar to the amount that was used to determine the acceptable dose of exposure to humans. The researchers observed how the exposure impacted the brains during a 13-week exposure as well as six months after exposure had ended compared to the control mice, which received no glyphosate exposure.

The team determined that glyphosate exposure led to neuroinflammation as well as behaviors and symptoms similar to anxiety and Alzheimer’s. For some of the animals, the exposure was associated with results as extreme as premature death.

Even the low dose led to negative impacts on the brains that lasted several months after exposure had ended. The scientists published their findings in the journal Journal of Neuroinflammation.

“My hope is that our work drives further investigation into the effects of glyphosate exposure, which may lead to a reexamination of its long-term safety and perhaps spark discussion about other prevalent toxins in our environment that may affect the brain,” Samantha Bartholomew, first author of the paper and a Ph.D. candidate at Arizona State University, said in a statement.

A farmer sprays glyphosate on an apple orchard in Asperen, the Netherlands on March 31, 2019.
Hans Verburg / iStock Editorial / Getty Images Plus

These results have raised concerns over the current standards for glyphosate, which is considered to have no concerning risks to human health when used as directed on the label, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Further, the researchers warned about the potential impacts to aging populations, which are already experiencing an increase in cognitive decline, according to Ramon Velazquez, a co-author of the study, researcher with the ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center and assistant professor of life sciences.

But the researchers hope that more investigation is completed to determine if the current acceptable limits of glyphosate are too high, or whether any exposure of glyphosate poses risks.

“Herbicides are used heavily and ubiquitously around the world,” said Patrick Pirrotte, senior author of the study and associate professor at the Early Detection and Prevention Division at Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen). “These findings highlight that many chemicals we regularly encounter, previously considered safe, may pose potential health risks. However, further research is needed to fully assess the public health impact and identify safer alternatives.”

While the findings brought up the question of what these impacts observed on brains of mice could mean for glyphosate exposure and its potential impacts on human brains, it can also be used as an example to further research alternatives to testing on mice and other animals. Because of the complexity of brains, it is currently still common to use animal testing to observe reactions and impacts in brain research. 

As Cruelty-free International reported, researchers are working on other ways to complete these important types of organ and nervous system studies without the use of animal testing. Scientists are rapidly exploring and advancing alternatives, such as computer modeling, tissue donations, cell cultures and “human-on-a-chip” models for brain research. PETA reported that AI is becoming more suitable as a method for alternative testing. However, more research on non-animal testing is necessary, and once alternatives are more established, they will require regulation to be implemented.

The post Glyphosate Exposure Linked to Long-Term Brain Inflammation appeared first on EcoWatch.

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Energy Efficiency as an Imperative Climate Strategy

Energy Efficiency as an Imperative Climate Strategy

With mandatory climate statement disclosure rolling out in Australia, businesses need to start reporting on their emissions and sustainability plans for the future. As companies begin assessing the relevant risks and opportunities related to various climate scenarios, energy efficiency presents itself as an immediate climate-strategy with long-term benefits.

Commencing 1 January 2025, businesses that meet two of the three conditions — more than 500 employees, gross assets above $1 billion or $500 million or more in consolidated gross revenue — are required to lodge a climate statement, which discloses their climate-related plans, financial risks and obligations. As part of the gradual roll-out, by 1 July 2027, businesses that meet two of these conditions — more than 100 employees, gross assets above $25 million or exceeding $50 million in consolidated gross revenue — will also be required to report.

This climate statement will need to include the company’s sustainability governance, climate risks and opportunities, including those physical and transition related. They will also need to disclose their Scope 1 and 2 emissions, strategy to decarbonise, and conduct scenario analysis on the short, medium and long term impacts on the business. By the second year of reporting, businesses will also be expected to report on Scope 3 emissions.

Scenario analysis will be based on various assumptions of the state of the climate, one of which includes a possible future where global temperature has increased 2.5°C or more. They will be required to share their climate strategy and steps they are taking long-term in preparation for this scenario.

Common themes within climate strategies will include switching to renewable energy sources, electrifying fleet vehicles, purchasing carbon credits, and carbon capture and storage. Many of these methods look at reducing emissions through the energy source, or targeting the carbon aspect directly; however, climate strategies can also include reducing the amount of energy used. By investing in more energy efficient equipment, sites can maintain production whilst using less energy and producing less emissions.

When increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption first, businesses will see short-term impacts; however, in the long term, they are also improving their foundation for an energy transition. Assuming no other changes, higher energy efficiency can lead to decreased energy demand, allowing for reduced system requirements when specifying and planning for self-generation or energy costs.

To understand what opportunities are available for upgrading to more energy efficient equipment, businesses can start with an energy audit to understand how energy is being consumed across site. Energy audits, like the ABB Energy Appraisal, can provide a roadmap for where and how equipment can be upgraded for the best energy saving potential. An energy audit identifies areas that can be immediately improved with existing equipment on the market, so there is no need to wait for the commercialization or development of more sustainable technology. Going beyond just changing all lights to LEDs, efficiency recommendations may include areas where variable speed drives can be added to control motor speed or upgrading from an IE3 motor to an IE5 ultra-premium efficiency or IE6 hyper-premium efficiency motor to reduce energy losses by 40% or more. This area can often be overlooked on sites as the Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) in Australia for motors is just IE2.

Mostly used in pumps, compressors, conveyors and fans, motors may seem like a minor part of a site; however, with 45% of the world’s electricity converted into motion by industrial electric motors, there are many opportunities for energy savings. In fact, a recent survey commissioned by ABB IEC Low voltage motors, showed that 92% of surveyed businesses in Australia recognize the important role of electric motors in achieving sustainability targets. In this same survey, participants ranked a reduction in operating cost as a more important driver for investing in energy efficiency than lowering their organization’s emissions. This is because upgrading to newer, more efficient equipment provides benefits beyond just emission reduction. For example, ABB’s Synchronous Reluctance (SynRM) Motors, available in IE5 ultra-premium efficiency or IE6 hyper-premium efficiency, use no rare earth metals or magnets. Running quieter and with bearing temperatures reduced by up to 15°C and winding temperatures by up to 30°, SynRM motors have longer maintenance periods, superior reliability, and contribute to a better operational environment.

Looking ahead, upgrading to an IE5 SynRM motor also provides more visibility into Scope 3 emissions, as SynRM motors meet ABB’s circularity criteria and transparency on environmental impact is provided through Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs).

By requiring companies to disclose their climate information, these new legal requirements are opening the door and facilitating more internal discussions on environmental impact and emission reduction. Whilst mandatory climate reporting is only required of large business entities this year, the progressive roll-out and Scope 3 emission reporting requirements mean that businesses of all sizes in Australia will be impacted by these new requirements. As businesses become more conscious of how sustainability should be integrated into their operations and finances, there is no better time to start investing in energy efficient solutions.

For more information, click here.

Image credit: iStock.com/denizunlusu

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