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An A.I. Model Helped Uncover 303 Previously Unseen Nazca Lines in Peru

29 Sep, 2024

This post was originally published on Colossal

In 2022, we shared news of a monumental discovery at Peru’s Nazca Pampa, a UNESCO World Heritage site once home to pre-Inca Indigenous peoples who were fond of etching gargantuan artworks into the earth’s surface. Discovered in 1927, archaeologists spent nearly a century uncovering 430 figurative glyphs depicting animals, people, and hybrid creatures.

But thanks to a new A.I.-trained system, researchers have identified an additional 303 drawings in just six months as detailed in a study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Included in the findings are various birds, cats, ceremonial acts, and even a killer whale wielding a weapon.

a grid of small line drawings on a gray scale

Dating back at least 2,000 years, the works offer insight into the cultural and spiritual practices of the ancient civilization. Although theories about the purpose of the lines range from calendars to agriculture and human migration, researchers know they were made by removing darker stones to reveal lighter, desert sand below.

Whereas drones have helped to identify the giant line drawings that stretch across the desert, the A.I. model has been adept at detecting the smaller, relief-type renderings that mainly portray wild animals and are more difficult to find.

The larger of the glyphs depict primarily humans, domesticated animals, and lone heads and “are typically located within viewing distance (on average 43 meters) of ancient trails that crisscross the Nazca Pampa and were most likely built and viewed at the individual or small-group level,” researchers say, noting that the smaller “are found an average of 34 meters from the elaborate linear/trapezoidal network of geoglyphs, which suggests that they were probably built and used on a community level for ritual activities.”

Using aerial and satellite images of the site along with LIDAR data, archeologists trained the A.I. model to identify the sometimes imperceptible lines. The team then reviewed and confirmed the results by traveling to the location. They estimate that the A.I. model is 21 times faster at perceiving the works than humans. (via Smithsonian Magazine)

a grid of small line drawings on a gray scale

Do stories and artists like this matter to you? Become a Colossal Member today and support independent arts publishing for as little as $7 per month. The article An A.I. Model Helped Uncover 303 Previously Unseen Nazca Lines in Peru appeared first on Colossal.

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ABB receives EPD status for gearless mill drive ring motor

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ABB has gained Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) status for its Gearless Mill Drive (GMD) ring motor — technology used to drive large grinding mills in the mining industry.

An EPD is a standardised document that provides detailed information about the environmental impact of a product throughout its life cycle. Based on a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study, the EPD highlights ABB’s commitment to transparency, environmental responsibility and supporting customers in making informed decisions on sustainability in their supply chains.

ABB analysed the environmental impact of a ring motor across its entire life cycle from supply chain and production to usage and end-of-life disposal. The study was conducted for a ring motor of a semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill with an installed power of 24 MW and was based on a reference service life of 25 years.

“Sustainability is at the core of our purpose at ABB, influencing how we operate and innovate for customers,” said Andrea Quinta, Sustainability Specialist at ABB. “By earning the Environmental Product Declaration for our ring motor, we emphasise our environmental stewardship and industry leadership for this technology. We adhered to the highest standards throughout this process, as we do in the ABB Ring Motor factory every day. This recognition highlights to the mining industry what they are bringing into their own operations when they work with ABB.”

The comprehensive LCA was conducted at ABB’s factory in Bilbao, Spain, and was externally verified and published in accordance with international standards ISO 14025 and ISO 14040/14044. It will remain valid for five years.

The ring motor, a key component of the GMD, is a drive system without any gears where the transmission of the torque between the motor and the mill is done through the magnetic field in the air gap between the motor stator and the motor rotor. It optimises grinding applications in the minerals and mining industries by enabling variable-speed operation, leading to energy and cost savings.

The full EPD for the ABB GMD Ring Motor can be viewed on EPD International.

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