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Newly Discovered Bacteria ‘Chonkus’ Offers Potential for Cleaning Up Carbon Dioxide

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07 Nov, 2024

This post was originally published on Eco Watch

Scientists have discovered a type of cyanobacteria found in marine volcanic vents, or seeps, that could help capture carbon dioxide emissions. However, finding a way to engineer and harvest the bacteria at industrial rates will be needed to help realize its potential.

The bacteria, known as UTEX 3222 or “Chonkus,” is a strain of Cyanobacterium aponinum that was found to reach high-density growth in scientific experiments. Chonkus was taken from marine volcanic vents in the Mediterranean Sea that had an environment high in carbon dioxide. In their tests, scientists found that Chonkus grew quickly on a solid medium, in liquid and in the presence of conditions including high light, high salinity and high pH levels.

Researchers collect samples of seawater from a shallow volcanic seep off the coast of the island of Vulcano, where volcanic vents ensure the water has a high level of dissolved CO2. Wyss Institute at Harvard University

Like plants, Chonkus metabolizes carbon dioxide and sunlight to create food for itself, but cyanobacteria can absorb even more carbon dioxide than plants. As the National Renewable Energy Laboratory reported, cyanobacteria like Chonkus can fix carbon dioxide about twice as efficiently as plants, plus they have the benefit of rapid growth to further improve their carbon-sequestering properties.

Scientists have known about this potential, but the new study, which was published in the journal Applied and Industrial Microbiology, pinpoints a particular cyanobacteria that grows faster than other studied specimens. As Grist reported, Chonkus in particular presented rapid growth and density in lab settings that made it especially promising for absorbing more carbon dioxide.

“When you grow a culture of bacteria, it looks like broth and the bacteria are very dilute in the culture, but we found that Chonkus would settle into this stuff that is much more dense, like a green peanut butter,” said Max Schubert, a lead author of the study and a lead project scientists at Align to Innovate, as reported by Grist.

Chonkus also has an advantage of naturally separating from water, which sets it apart from other cyanobacteria and algae that have been considered for carbon sequestration. While this trait further improves its potential, scientists still need to figure out how to genetically modify the bacteria in order to use it for efficient carbon dioxide fixing.

But scientists have only scratched the surface on finding cyanobacteria like Chonkus to help with carbon sequestration, so they may be able to not only engineer Chonkus for carbon sequestration but find other organisms to help with this mission.

“There’s no question we’ll keep finding really, really interesting biology in these vents,” said Braden Tierney, a lead author of the study and a microbiologist and executive director of The Two Frontiers Project, as Grist reported. “I can’t stress enough that this was just the first expedition.”

In addition to publishing their findings on the carbon sequestration potential of Chonkus, the research team also told BBC that they are developing a “living database” of bacteria samples that will allow other scientists around the world to further study microbes, even after the expeditions are over.

“Compared to other [carbon capture] solutions, microbes are infinitely replicable,” Tierney told BBC. “While there is no silver bullet for tackling climate change, it is really exciting to find an organism that is a really high performing engine for carbon capture.”

The post Newly Discovered Bacteria ‘Chonkus’ Offers Potential for Cleaning Up Carbon Dioxide appeared first on EcoWatch.

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Turning down the heat: how innovative cooling techniques are tackling the rising costs of AI's energy demands

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As enterprises accelerate their AI investments, the energy demand of AI’s power-hungry systems is worrying both the organisations footing the power bills as well as those tasked with supplying reliable electricity. From large language models to digital twins crunching massive datasets to run accurate simulations on complex city systems, AI workloads require a tremendous amount of processing power.

Of course, at the heart of this demand are data centres, which are evolving at breakneck speed to support AI’s growing potential. The International Energy Agency’s AI and Energy Special Report recently predicted that data centre electricity consumption will double by 2030, identifying AI as the most significant driver of this increase.1

The IT leaders examining these staggering predictions are rightly zeroing in on improving the efficiency of these powerful systems. However, the lack of expertise in navigating these intricate systems, combined with the rapidity of innovative developments, is causing heads to spin. Although savvy organisations are baking efficiency considerations into IT projects at the outset, and are looking across the entire AI life cycle for opportunities to minimise impact, many don’t know where to start or are leaving efficiency gains on the table. Most are underutilising the multiple IT efficiency levers that could be pulled to reduce the environmental footprint of their IT, such as using energy-efficient software languages and optimising data use to ensure maximum data efficiency of AI workloads. Among the infrastructure innovations, one of the most exciting advancements we are seeing in data centres is direct liquid cooling (DLC). Because the systems that are running AI workloads are producing more heat, traditional air cooling simply is not enough to keep up with the demands of the superchips in the latest systems.

DLC technology pumps liquid coolants through tubes in direct contact with the processors to dissipate heat and has been proven to keep high-powered AI systems running safely. Switching to DLC has had measurable and transformative impact across multiple environments, showing reductions in cooling power consumption by nearly 90% compared to air cooling in supercomputing systems2.

Thankfully, the benefits of DLC are now also extending beyond supercomputers to reach a broader range of higher-performance servers that support both supercomputing and AI workloads. Shifting DLC from a niche offering to a more mainstream option available across more compute systems is enabling more organisations to tap into the efficiency gains made possible by DLC, which in some cases has been shown to deliver up to 65% in annual power savings3. Combining this kind of cooling innovation with new and improved power-use monitoring tools, able report highly accurate and timely insights, is becoming critical for IT teams wanting to optimise their energy use. All this is a welcome evolution for organisations grappling with rising energy costs and that are carefully considering total cost of ownership (TCO) of their IT systems, and is an area of innovation to watch in the coming years.

In Australia, this kind of technical innovation is especially timely. In March 2024, the Australian Senate established the Select Committee on Adopting Artificial Intelligence to examine the opportunities and impacts of AI technologies4. Among its findings and expert submissions was a clear concern about the energy intensity of AI infrastructure. The committee concluded that the Australian Government legislate for increased regulatory clarity, greater energy efficiency standards, and increased investment in renewable energy solutions. For AI sustainability to succeed, it must be driven by policy to set actionable standards, which then fuel innovative solutions.

Infrastructure solutions like DLC will play a critical role in making this possible — not just in reducing emissions and addressing the energy consumption challenge, but also in supporting the long-term viability of AI development across sectors. We’re already seeing this approach succeed in the real world. For example, the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre in Western Australia has adopted DLC technology to support its demanding research workloads and, in doing so, has significantly reduced energy consumption while maintaining the high performance required for AI and scientific computing. It’s a powerful example of how AI data centres can scale sustainably — and telegraphs an actionable blueprint for others to follow.

Furthermore, industry leaders are shifting how they handle the heat generated by these large computing systems in order to drive further efficiency in AI. Successfully using heat from data centres for other uses will be a vital component to mitigating both overall energy security risks and the efficiency challenges that AI introduces. Data centres are being redesigned to capture by-product heat and use it as a valuable resource, rather than dispose of it as waste heat. Several industries are already benefiting from capturing data centre heat, such as in agriculture for greenhouses, or heating buildings in healthcare and residential facilities. This has been successfully implemented in the UK with the Isambard-AI supercomputer and in Finland with the LUMI supercomputer — setting the bar for AI sustainability best practice globally.

The message is clear: as AI becomes a bigger part of digital transformation projects, so too must the consideration for resource-efficient solutions grow. AI sustainability considerations must be factored into each stage of the AI life cycle, with solutions like DLC playing a part in in a multifaceted IT sustainability blueprint.

By working together with governments to set effective and actionable environmental frameworks and benchmarks, we can encourage the growth and evolution of the AI industry, spurring dynamic innovation in solutions and data centre design for the benefit of all.

1. AI is set to drive surging electricity demand from data centres while offering the potential to transform how the energy sector works – News – IEA
2. https://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/blog-post/2024/08/liquid-cooling-a-cool-approach-for-ai.html
3. HPE introduces next-generation ProLiant servers engineered for advanced security, AI automation and greater performance
4. https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Adopting_Artificial_Intelligence_AI

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