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Transforming pill packaging into fencing

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23 Apr, 2024

This post was originally published on Sustainability Matters

The Vinyl Council of Australia (VCA) is collaborating with several Australian industry partners to recycle waste PVC pharmaceutical blister packaging.

VCA member Think Fencing, based in Portarlington, Victoria, has partnered with Pharmacycle to recycle blister packaging collected via Pharmacycle’s drop-off points, located in pharmacies, hospitals and local council sites across Australia.

Chemist Warehouse has recently joined early adopters Bloom The Chemist and National Pharmacies as a drop-off location, introducing the program in 100 of its stores across Victoria.

“We are seeing significant interest from consumers, pharmacies and the healthcare sector in being able to recycle this type of material, in part driven by the focus on blister packaging in the ABC’s War on Waste program,” said Pharmacycle’s Business Development Manager Michael Klapsogiannis.

To date, Pharmacycle has recycled over 32 tonnes of blister packaging, adding up to more than 21 million individual blister packs.

From blister packs to fencing

Once the packaging has been collected, Pharmacycle weighs and sorts it, removing any contaminants, such as unused pills or other medical packaging, to ensure that the material streams are as clean as possible. The material then undergoes a size reduction and granulation process, before the PVC (and a small volume of other plastics) are separated from the aluminium through an electrostatic separation process — the same machinery used by PanelCycle to separate aluminium composite panel (ACP) cladding. The aluminium is then sent to Weston Aluminium in NSW for reuse, while the PVC component is sent in powdered form to Think Fencing.

Using an AI-driven prototype device developed by the CSIRO, Think Fencing analyses the material to understand its key properties, because each batch varies slightly depending on the level and type of contamination. The results of this analysis are used to optimise the mix of the material with other recycled content streams, including credit card surplus material from Placard, window profile offcuts from VCA member aluplast and necessary additives, to ensure the blend meets Think Fencing’s required specifications.

Think Fencing’s fencing and decking made from the PVC recyclate.

“With such a variety of material streams, it’s really important that we can understand the properties of the recyclate we’re using,” said Think Fencing Chief Technical Officer Jack Fitzgerald.

“The CSIRO analyser has been a game changer in the way we understand and incorporate recycled material.”

Since the introduction of the analyser, Think Fencing’s recycled content usage has increased from 15 to 85% in the company’s primary PVC fencing ranges, and makes up a similar proportion in the soon-to-be released OneDeck decking range. Virgin material is used to ‘cap’ the products to ensure a consistent visual finish.

Given the cost of the recycled feedstock is almost 70% cheaper than the virgin material Think Fencing used to source, the company is planning to use a variety of other recycled PVC materials, including PVC pipe scrap, playing cards and vinyl flooring.

“This collaboration highlights the recycling potential of diverse product types when they’re kept out of mixed waste streams — given that existing recycling infrastructure is currently ill equipped to manage these materials effectively,” said Vinyl Council of Australia Chief Executive Jim Coulston.

Future expansion

Given the project’s success, Think Fencing plans to develop a new recycling plant and warehousing facility in Victoria along with a warehousing facility in Brisbane to allow more PVC products to be collected and recycled. Funding and industry partners are being sought to support this growth.

The CSIRO analyser is currently undergoing a patent process, with a formal demonstration of the technology to be presented by CSIRO’s Melissa Skidmore at the PVC AUS 2024 conference in June.

Pharmacycle plans to increase its number of collection points from 400 to 1000 by mid-2024, and is confident that with industry support it will be able to continue growing its program.

To learn more about Think Fencing, visit onedeck.com.au.

Top image caption: Pharmacycle sorting line.

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Reaching net zero in the manufacturing sector

Reaching net zero in the manufacturing sector

In order for Australia to reach its goal of net zero by 2050, it needs the help of its manufacturing sector, which accounts for 10% of the nation’s carbon emissions. And the sector is pulling its weight, the Western Sydney Manufacturers Forum heard recently — developing ‘green concrete’, carbon-tracking sensors and technology which can minimise carbon emissions during beer fermentation.

More than 30 experts from universities, industry and government described multiple ways sustainability can deliver real-world impact, cost savings and market differentiation for manufacturers. The forum heard many examples, including an opportunity to reduce emissions from concrete production — which contributes around 8% of global carbon emissions, or more than aviation and shipping combined.

Professor Olivia Mirza from Western Sydney University described the initial pushback to the use of ‘green concrete’ — an eco-friendly alternative which is produced using waste materials — in the Parramatta Light Rail project.

“The initial cost for building [the light rail using green concrete] was let’s say 10 or 12% higher, but then if you do the cost-benefit analysis — less maintenance — it ended up saving 25%,” Mirza said.

The forum highlighted the importance of clear communication and education, suggesting the use of modern formats like social media platform TikTok to effectively engage different stakeholders, especially in the trades, around decarbonisation in building materials.

The aim of the event — hosted by the NSW Smart Sensing Network and the NSW Decarbonisation Innovation Hub at Penrith Panthers — was to showcase opportunities and help manufacturers and their supply chain navigate new emissions reporting requirements.

Dr Martin Ams, a product engineer at Macquarie University, said innovative optical fibre sensors are helping utilities like Sydney Water contribute to net zero by predicting concrete corrosion in wastewater infrastructure.

“Over time, concrete can actually capture and remove CO2 directly from the atmosphere through a process known as carbonation,” he said. “If you have concrete structures that are absorbing CO2 from your atmosphere, you want them to last long so you can keep absorbing this CO2.”

Dr Victor Hernandez Moreno from the UTS Centre for Advanced Manufacturing described how advanced automation and ‘digital twin’ technology can drive more sustainable production decisions for manufacturers. His team operates two mirrored beer-brewing facilities — in Sydney and Germany — that share a unified digital twin, allowing them to analyse data, enhance product quality and reduce carbon emissions.

Keynote speaker and Climate Change Authority Chair Matt Kean said advanced manufacturing in Western Sydney is poised to lead Australia’s decarbonisation efforts by electrifying industrial processes, improving energy efficiency and producing green materials like hydrogen.

“The [Authority’s] Sector Pathways Review revealed that Australia has a great shot at crafting the products, goods and services that will be in high demand,” Kean said. “As the world shifts to net zero, we must be prepared to back our entrepreneurs and innovators and remove policy and regulatory barriers that inhibit progress.”

Kean said products like renewable hydrogen, green ammonia and green metals were essential to reimagining Australian industry. “Importantly, they’re going to be in hot demand, not just domestically, but right across the globe.”

NSW Net Zero Commission principal advisor Manuel Weirich said there is lots of opportunity to reduce emissions in light industry such as manufacturers and smaller processors, which emit 45% of NSW industry emissions.

“These emissions come from things like burning gas in boilers, from engines and motors, chemical processes, calcination in bricks or in cement, and lots of other things,” Weirich said. “Some of the processes are difficult to decarbonise, but others already have solutions available … including heat pumps for water heating, electric forklifts, and better energy efficiency.  

“Manufacturing has a big role to play, to produce the clean materials, the low-emissions materials, and the products and machinery that other sectors use to decarbonise themselves.”

NSW Chief Scientist Hugh Durrant-Whyte said with investment in R&D, skills, digitisation and real-time data, and by preparing for mandatory reporting, Australia can build resilient supply chains and drive sustainable, high-value growth across all business sectors. 

“Digitisation will help identify gaps, improve performance and address skill shortages — especially in hard-to-abate industries,” Durrant-Whyte said. “Achieving net zero will benefit everyone. Small businesses can cut energy costs and preserve expertise through digitisation. Medium businesses can scale up and strengthen supply chains. Large corporations will streamline compliance, meet stakeholder expectations and drive sustainable growth.”

The Executive Director of the Advanced Manufacturing Readiness Facility (AMRF), Ben Kitcher, described how his organisation helps manufacturers adopt technologies that help them become profitable and sustainable.

“What we’re discovering is there is this mutual objective around decarbonisation which always leads back to productivity and profitability,” Kitcher said.

The forum heard that while digital literacy is strong among younger generations, manufacturing still suffers from outdated perceptions. It heard how SMEs in Western Sydney can stay competitive by embracing digital transformation, sustainability and circular economy principles. SMEs are also facing ongoing challenges in resourcing innovation and workforce development, but programs like CSIRO’s Generation STEM are stepping in with practical support through paid internships and university and industry talent matching.

“We have a lot of SMEs that come to us and say their challenge is recruitment and retention, but sometimes we’ve got some SMEs that come to us and say they don’t have the time to do this piece of work,” Generation STEM team leader Luana Caro said.

Chovil & Thake sustainability marketing specialist Hannah Welch said 45% of Australians always or often consider sustainability as part of their purchasing decision-making. She said manufacturers can leverage environmental, social and governance (ESG) data not just for compliance, but as a strategic marketing tool to attract investors and recruit staff.

Andrew Bedrossian, Manager of Renewable Manufacturing at the NSW Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW), said the Net Zero Manufacturing Initiative supports clean technology innovation and low-carbon product manufacturing, with particular focus on revitalising local solar manufacturing. He said there is growing industry appetite and significant investment interest, especially from Western Sydney manufacturers, pointing to strong potential for scale-up and impact.

“We have the world-leading IP here with some of the best brains in the business when it comes to solar,” Bedrosian said. “All the commercial windfalls are offshore. We don’t have anything here, and that’s a real shame. How can we change that?”

Image caption: Climate Change Authority Chair Matt Kean delivered the keynote speech at the Western Sydney Manufacturers Forum. Image credit: AM Visuals.

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